![]() Strack, An Inferential Approach to the Knew-it-all-along Phenomenon. Stahlberg, Strength of the Hindsight Bias as a Consequence of Meta-cognitions. Pohl, Hindsight Bias as a Function of Anchor Distance and Anchor Plausibility. Hoffrage, Hindsight Bias: How Knowledge and Heuristics Affect Our Reconstruction of the Past. ![]() Hardt, SARA - A Cognitive Process Model to Simulate the Anchoring Effect and Hindsight Bias. Blank, Fischer, and Erdfelder report a successful replication of the hindsight bias in two political elections, and Musch explains some of the variance in hindsight bias using personality factors. and Renner adopt a motivational perspective and explore the impact of self-relevance of the outcome information. Similarly, Pezzo proposes a model that predicts hindsight bias from feelings that arise when trying to make sense of the outcome information in light of prior expectations. In a variant of the meta-cognitive approach, Werth and Strack argue that ease of retrieval of an answer is used as a cue to infer its correctness and to determine one's confidence in its correctness. Subsequently, Hardt and Pohl demonstrate how the hindsight bias is related to the phenomenon of anchoring, and Schwarz and Stahlberg propose that due to meta-cognitive processes, the outcome information is deliberately chosen as such an anchor. After a brief introductory overview of the state of the art, the issue commences with two process models (SARA, Pohl, Eisenhauer & Hardt and RAFT, Hertwig, Fanselow & Hoffrage), which are formalized enough to allow for computer simulations. This special issue presents ten articles that describe the most recent theoretical developments and empirical results. Since the introduction of this so-called hindsight bias or knew-it-all-along effect to the psychological literature in the mid-seventies, there has been immense research on this topic. This phenomenon can be observed in a memory design in which previous judgements have to be recalled after outcome information has been made available, or in a hypothetical design in which participants receive outcome information but are asked to ignore it when subsequently judging what they would have said without this information. With hindsight, we tend to exaggerate what we had known with foresight. For both formats the functionality available will depend on how you access the ebook (via Bookshelf Online in your browser or via the Bookshelf app on your PC or mobile device). Where the content of the eBook requires a specific layout, or contains maths or other special characters, the eBook will be available in PDF (PBK) format, which cannot be reflowed. Most VitalSource eBooks are available in a reflowable EPUB format which allows you to resize text to suit you and enables other accessibility features.
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